Different authors and scholars at different levels have viewed agricultural extension in various ways. This document seeks to identify relevant extension methods in. The field of extension now encompasses a wider range of communication and learning activities organized for rural people by educators from different disciplines, including agriculture, agricultural marketing, health, and business studies. Extension education theoretical framework extension manual em 0220 with criterion referenced assessment tools for more information on this and other topics visit the university of maryland extension website at.
A sample survey of public agricultural extension agents was conducted covering the whole agricultural directorates in the country. Agricultural extension new approachm ent to agricultural extension. Sep 11, 2011 agricultural extension, or agricultural advisory, is increasingly acknowledged as a strong contributor to agricultural development. Example of poster prepared for samoa under fao funded project for extension purposes 8. During the 1960s and 1970s, staterun, statefunded agricultural extension and advisory services played a key role in increasing agricultural productivity. The supply of agricultural products is uncertain and irregular because of the dependence of agricultural production on natural conditions. Stakeholders who provide extension services work to obtain information, skills, and technologies to improve producer livelihoods and strengthen linkages within the agricultural value chain. Cooperative federal, state, and county agency doing research. Agricultural extension is the application of scientific research and new knowledge to. This chapter outlines the main extension methods which can be used and contains some guidance on how to choose appropriate methods for different target groups. According to jones and garforth 1997, agricultural extension is important because in the first place, information about good or new agricultural practices in a particular. Download fundamental of agriculture extension education book pdf download or read fundamental of agriculture extension education book pdf download online books in pdf, epub and mobi format. The utilization of biological processes on farms to produce food and other products useful and necessary to man. The type of service, and the way in which it is provided, is given in two ways extension events planned in advance which form the annual extension plan.
Meaning and objectives of agricultural extension, role of extension workers, history and organization of extension services in nigeria, selected extension methods and techniques, the extension process, meaning of rural sociology, rural leadership pattern and community organization. Chapter one extension handbook hudu zakaria 2 chapter one meaning and origin of agricultural extension 1. If you are facing any problem than fill form contact us. For example, bardsly 1982 cited by nwuzor 2009, viewed guttural extension as a service or system which assists farm people through educational procedures in improving farming methods and techniques, increasing production efficiency and income, bettering their levels of living and lifting. Trained agents visit communities to ensure the dissemination of current best practices, organize cooperatives, and implement secondary programs. Extension programme planning requires skill and ability on the part of planners. To stimulate students interest and understanding about the concept and practice of extension and the need for extension in agricultural development 2. Click download or read online button to get fundamental of agriculture extension education book pdf download book now. This paper also contributes to the agricultural extension literature by examining the impact on detailed measures of food security and shockcoping methods. Agricultural extension, rural development and the food. Importance of agricultural extension evidence from many countries show that agricultural extension is a propoor public investment. The field of extension now encompasses a wider range of communication and learning activities organised for rural people by professionals from different disciplines, including agriculture, agricultural marketing, health, and business studies.
The thana agricultural extension coordination committee taecc has been established to assist in implementing the new agricultural extension policy. Imperial college of science, technology and medicine at wye, london. A parcel of land, containing 4,840 square yards or 43,560 square feet. Extension programme planning is a decision making process. Agricultural extension ppt free download as powerpoint presentation. Todays understanding of extension goes beyond technology transfer to facilitation, beyond training to learning, and includes helping farmers form groups, deal with marketing issues, and partner with a broad range of service providers and other agencies. Agricultural extension is the service that provides technical advice to farmers, helps farmers acquire required inputs including credit for farming, provides training and evaluates new agricultural technologies on farmers fields in close collabor. The farm radio international has played a key role in this regard and has documented many such use cases. Extension definition of extension by merriamwebster. Agricultural extension, rural development and the food security. Agricultural extension and technology adoption for food. Agricultural extension and development my development diary. Agricultural extension is the application of scientific research and new knowledge to agricultural practices through farmer education. Information about biodiversity is increasingly important to help farmers farm sustainably and access new markets.
The new agricultural technology is inputresponsive. Oct 21, 2014 pluralism in extension and pluralistic extension pluralism in extension extension systems with multiple providers of services, and often with multiple funding sources, and multiple extension approaches pluralism raises a number of issues coordination roles collaboration and competition strengthening capacities of. Specially, the subject of agricultural marketing includes marketing functions, agencies, channels, efficiency and costs, price spread and market integration, producers. Current extension service models, what works and what does. Extension appears to have unlimited scope in situations where there is need for creating awareness amongst the people and changing their behaviour by informing and educating them.
Agricultural extension service has to be competent in agricultural skills, to communicate efficiently with producers and stimulate them to acquire new knowledge. Agricultural extension officers need to communicate to farmers agricultural information on natural resources, animals, crops, on how best to utilise the farmland, how to construct proper irrigation schemes, the economic use and storage of water, how to combat animal disease, and how to save on the cost of farming equipment and procedures. Agricultural extension activity is important agrarianpolitical instrument of the state which stimulates the development of agricultural production. Sep 08, 2016 extension programme planning is a process. Basically, this is not a website which only publishes articles but also i care each of my visitors and regularly i am publishing resources that help you gaining basic agricultural knowledge and making a positive footprint in the young agriculturists community. Both a way of life and a means of life for the people involved in this industry. Concepts and terminology in agricultural extension.
Fundamental of agriculture extension education book pdf. The journal of agricultural extension is devoted to the advancement of knowledge of agricultural extension services and practice through the publication of original and empirically based research, focusing on. These agricultural workers are expected to travel extensively across their countries while ensuring they maintain consistent and. Definition agricultural extension is giving knowledge in agronomic techniques and skills to rural communities in a systematic. The survey employed a structured questionnaire with. The contents are provided free for noncommercial purpose such as teaching, training, research, extension and self learning. To discuss history of agricultural extension in the world and. Dimensions of agriculture extension pdf book agrimoon. Making a positive footprint in the young agriculturist community. Agricultural extension definition of agricultural extension. Agricultural extension synonyms, agricultural extension pronunciation, agricultural extension translation, english dictionary definition of agricultural extension. The examples given below are taken from a number of books on extension published over a period. Agricultural extension is the term used to describe the process by which rural people are persuaded to adopt improved farming methods to improve crop and livestock productivity. Mark bell and judith payne 2011 commonly applied technologies in extension services.
Generally, agricultural extension can be defined as the delivery of information inputs to farmers. Agricultural extension and its impact on food crop. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. All universities engage in research and teaching, but the nations more than 100 landgrant colleges and universities have a third, critical mission extension. The purpose of agricultural extension is to improving their production, income, and quality of life. The agricultural research and extension network is sponsored by the uk department for international development dfid the opinions expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect those of dfid. However, structural adjustment programmes during the 1980s and 1990s led to a significant decline in the funds available and farmers suffered as a result. Agricultural extension is the application of scientific research and knowledge to agricultural practices through farmer education. It has no executive function for the department, and acts instead as a place where extension partners can share information, ideas and resources, and develop ideas for collaboration and.
Newly formed nations, the rural population of which formerly maintained a subsistence agriculture with limited industry, found it essential to establish a betterbalanced economy. Pluralism in extension and pluralistic extension pluralism in extension extension systems with multiple providers of services, and often with multiple funding sources, and multiple extension approaches pluralism raises a number of issues coordination roles collaboration and competition strengthening capacities of. In the absence of such published material and organized training programs on the subject, this. According to ifpri, agricultural extension also known as agricultural advisory services plays a crucial role in promoting agricultural productivity, increasing food security, improving rural livelihoods, and promoting agriculture as an engine of propoor economic growth. Ppt extension teaching methods hudu zakaria academia. Jul 16, 2016 agricultural extension is the service that provides technical advice to farmers, helps farmers acquire required inputs including credit for farming, provides training and evaluates new agricultural technologies on farmers fields in close collabor. We are happy for this material to be reproduced on a notforprofit basis. The basic philosophy of agricultural extension was established in the more highly developed countries over the past century. Readers may make verbatim copies of this document for noncommercial purposes by any means, provided that this notice appears on all such copies. Extension national institute of food and agriculture. Extension administration and supervision, programme planning, monitoring and evaluation. Thus, the scope of agricultural marketing must include both product marketing and input marketing.
Agricultural extension was once known as the application of scientific research and new knowledge to agricultural practices through farmer education. Agriculture extension is the process of transferring the advance agriculture technology to farming community. Reducing poverty and social inequalities, the sustainable use of natural resources, and participatory development, are general objectives to which extension policies can make a contribution. Since 20, dimagi has been working on the care pathways project, which is focused on helping female selfhelp agricultural groups improve their productivity and increase incomes. Dimagi has set up a custom, tabletbased scheduling and activity tracking system for cares extension workers, providing a. Extension provides a critical support service for rural producers meeting the new challenges. Agricultural extension manual for extension workers. Agricultural extension can thus be defined as the entire set of organizations that. Extension programme planning requires advance thinking. Agricultural extension also known as agricultural advisory services plays a crucial role in boosting agricultural productivity, increasing food security, improving rural livelihoods, and promoting agriculture as an engine of propoor economic growth.
There are several extension methods in use today geared at achieving this goal. Icts and agricultural extension services eagriculture. Revitalising extension and advisory services was the focus of a landmark conference held. Pluralism in agricultural extension linkedin slideshare. Agricultural study blog making a positive footprint in. The available improved agriculture technology has the potential of raising the yields of agriculture products in the country at least twice or thrice. Both a way of life and a means of life for the people involved in. For example, bardsly 1982 cited by nwuzor 2009, viewed guttural extension as a service or system which assists farm people through educational procedures in improving farming methods and techniques, increasing production efficiency and income, bettering their levels of.
Kelsey and hearne 1967 identified nine areas of programme emphasis, which indicate the scope of agricultural extension. Through extension, landgrant colleges and universities bring vital, practical information to agricultural producers, small business owners, consumers, families, and young people. Agricultural extension programs improve yields and incomes for farmers. Agricultural extension is defined as those who support people engaged in agricultural production through the facilitation of their efforts to progress and find solutions. Radio and television radio and television have played, and still continues to play, an important role in agricultural extension and in getting farmers in touch with key services. Most research to date has focused on advanced input adoption and production. The survey employed a structured questionnaire with precoded. Jobs, occupations and careers agricultural extension officer. The new edition continues to present basic principles which can be applied to all situations, but has been revised to take account of the changes that. Agricultural extension is an important tool for rural development, especially in less industrialized counties extension workers play a vital role in educating farmers to produce better crops and more productive animals at lower cost.
Information and communication technology in agricultural. With the varying supply, the demand remaining almost constant, the prices of agricultural products fluctuate substantially. Agricultural extension works in a wider knowledge system that embraces different components of which research and agricultural education are some rivera, et al 2001. This led to a variety of rural services and institutions, including agricultural. Cares female selfhelp agricultural groups improve productivity and increase yields.
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